فصلنامه روش ها و مدلهای روان شناختی
سال دوازدهم شماره 45 (پاییز 1400)

Due to the increasing collapse of the family system, researchers have focused on identifying the factors affecting the couple's adjustment that lead to family longevity. The aim of this study was to design and test a model of ego- strength relationship and marital compatibility through mediation of ego-centrism and self- differentiation among couples in Shiraz city.

In this descriptive -analytical an study, statistical population included couples of Shiraz city, which 250 of them (125 females, 125 males) that were selected using available sampling method and completed ego- strength(1975) and ego-centrism( 2011)and self- differentiation (2011) and Marital compatibility(1989) questionnaires. The data of the present study were performed using SPSS and AMOS software using structural equation method.

The results showed ego-strength can affect positively marital adjustment both directly and indirectly through mediation of self-differentiation and ego-centrism.

This model can play an important role in reducing marital conflicts due to its focus on individual factors in marital adjustment, so that 40% of marital adjustment can be explained by the variables in this model.

Current study's aim is to investigate and compare the effect of two methods, group counseling based on Gottman couple therapy and systemic-behavioral method on marital intimacy of married women in Tehran. The research is an experimental one with repeated measurement with pre-test, post-test and follow up with two experimental groups and one control group and to collect data from the Alexis J. Walker and Linda Thompson Marital Intimacy Questionnaire (MIS) were used. Univariate analysis of covariance was performed using SPSS software version 23. The statistical population Included 100 married women who voluntarily referred to Mahmed and FraZahn Counseling Centers in Tehran in 2019.From this population, 36 people who received the lowest scores of the Marital Intimacy Questionnaire were selected and randomly divided into three groups of 12 each. Experimental and control groups were selected randomly and no intervention was performed on the control group. Pre-test was performed on all three groups and after of 14 sessions of 90 minutesgroup couple therapy, post-test was taken and one month later, follow-up test was performed on the groups.The Results showed that: Gottman method couple therapy and systemic-behavioral on marital intimacy has been effective and that this effect had remained constant in the follow-up phase but there was no significant difference between these two methods in terms of effectiveness on marital intimacy.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of motivational interviewing and matrix treatment with Cognitive-Behavioral Approach on depression and quality of life in marijuana users. Experimental research method along with pretest-posttest design used with three groups (two experimental groups, a motivational interviewing group, a matrix treatment group and a control group). The statistical population was all marijuana addicts in Shiraz. Statistical samples were selected from marijuana addicts referred to Mehrari Hospital in Shiraz. Individuals were randomly assigned to three groups (15 people in each group). Weir Scherborn quality of life Scale and Beck Depression were used to collect data. The results showed that matrix treatment and motivational interviewing were significantly different from the control group, but matrix treatment with motivational interviewing were not different in effectiveness. Therefore, both therapies can be used as adjunctive therapies in marijuana addicts.Keywords: motivational interviewing, matrix treatment with Cognitive-Behavioral Approach , depression, quality of life , marijuana users

One of the most important areas of cognitive impairment in children with intellectual disabilities is related to working memory. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation that has been studied as a way to increase cortical excitability and enhance working memory. This research aimed to analyze the efficacy of tDCS on verbal working memory of children with borderline intellectual functioning. The research method was quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population was children who visited the Atieh clinic and were diagnosed with mild mental disability based on clinical interview and Tehran-Stanford-Binet IQ scale. Through convenience sampling, 30 people were collected from this population and were assigned randomly into experimental and control groups. The experimental group was provided 5 consecutive sessions of electrical stimulation in the Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex area with an intensity of 1 mA and a duration of 30 minutes. The data was analyzed using one-way ANCOVA and results illustrated that the Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) interventions has statistically meaningful positive effect on the verbal working memory of the children with borderline intellectual functioning

Social anxiety disorder is one of the most difficult anxiety disorders in resistance to therapy.Therefore, the use of unified transdiagnostic experimental therapy is essential.The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the ACT Matrix and ACT Focused on Compassion on social anxiety disorder.

This study was a clinical trial with a single-case experimental study non-concurrent multiple baseline design, who performed on 6 students with social anxiety disorder who were selected based on purposive random sampling. The treatment lasted for 12 sessions (60 minutes) with two-month follow-up. To compare the results of these two treatment models, the Social Anxiety Scale (Liebowitz),Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (Raes & et ‌‌al) Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (Second Version, Bond & et al) and the Valued Living Questionnaire (Wilson & et ‌al) were used. Data were analyzed by visual drawing, recovery percentage,stable change index and six indicators of clinical efficiency.

The results indicated that both methods of ACT Matrix and ACT Focused on Compassion reduced social anxiety (Z< -1.96) and increased acceptance and action flexibility, self-compassion, and a valuable life in the last stage of therapy and follow-up is effective and significant (Z>1.96). Furthermore, the results of this study in the follow-up phase indicated the continuity of the effectiveness and efficiency of these two integrated interventions on social anxiety disorder.

This study supports the effectiveness of the Matrix of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and the treatment of compassion-focused acceptance and commitment in students with social anxiety disorder.

One of the most important variables in the subject of family and marital relations is marital adjustment. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of communication beliefs in predicting marital adjustment mediated by marital inhibition. The statistical population of the study included married women in Babolsar who had lived together for at least 3 years and their level of education was at least until the end of high school. In the present study, 305 people were selected using available non-random sampling method and answered the questionnaires. Questionnaires of marital adjustment, marital inhibition and communication beliefs were used to collect information. The data were analyzed in Amos software using structural equation modeling. Findings showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between the variables of effective communication beliefs and marital inhibition and marital compatibility. There was also a significant negative correlation between the variables of dysfunctional communication beliefs (belief in destructive opposition, belief in spouse immutability, belief in mind reading, belief in sexual perfectionism and belief in sexual differences) and marital inhibition (emotional inhibition, inattention inhibition, verbal violence inhibition, Isolation inhibition and concealment inhibition) There is marital compatibility in the subjects.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of transactional analysis approach on individual and social adjustment and problem-solving styles of secondary school students. The research method was quasi-experimental with post-test pre-test design with control group. First, the pre-test was performed on both groups using research tools, then the experimental group intervention was performed in 60- 90-minute group sessions with an transactional analysis approach, and finally the post-test was completed again by both groups. The statistical population included all girls’ secondary school students in Firoozabad in the 6 months of autumn and winter of 2019 who were studying in the schools of this city. The sample size was 30 people who were selected by available sampling method and were randomly assigned to two groups of 15 experimental and control groups. Research tools included a Singha & Sing adjustment (1993) and Cassiddy & Long problem-solving questionnaires (1996). The results showed that the mean of adjustment scores and individual and social adjustment components in the experimental group posttest compared to the control group increased significantly. It also showed t that the mean scores of constructive problem-solving styles in the post-test in the experimental group compared to the control group increased significantly. Also, the mean scores of non-constructive problem-solving styles in the post-test in the experimental group compared to the control group have decreased significantly. It can be concluded that counseling with a transactional analysis approach is effective on individual and social adjustment and problem-solving styles of secondary school students.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of teaching cognitive emotion regulation strategies on parenting stress and marital satisfaction in parents of children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. The experimental research method was pretest-posttest with a control group and the statistical population included all parents with a child with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder in Tehran. The statistical sample consisted of 30 people who were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups of 15 people. Both groups answered the questionnaires of parental stress and marital satisfaction on two occasions. The experimental group then received 8 sessions of training on cognitive emotion regulation strategies, but the control group did not receive any treatment. The obtained data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance. The overall results showed that teaching cognitive emotion regulation strategies has an effect on parental stress and its dimensions, ie parental confusion, dysfunctional parent-child interaction, difficult child hobbies, and marital satisfaction of parents with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder.According to the research findings, it can be concluded that teaching cognitive emotion regulation strategies reduces parental stress and improves marital satisfaction in parents of children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder.

The aim of this study was to compare drug therapy and cognitive-behavioral management of stress on reducing cognitive avoidance and alexithymia (as two inefficient coping styles against stress) in patients with tension headaches.

In this clinical trial study, 40 people with tension headache in Sari city were divided into four groups of 10 by convenience sampling. The first group received only cognitive-behavioral stress management, the second group received only medication, the third group received the two treatments together, and the fourth group received no treatment. They completed cognitive avoidance and alexithymia questionnaires before and after the intervention.

The results were analyzed by SPSS software and nonparametric tests. The results showed that the first group (stress management) and the third group (stress management and medication) had the highest rank in reducing cognitive avoidance and emotional distress during Kruskal-Wallis test. The second group (drug therapy) and the fourth group (without treatment) had the lowest rank. According to Mann-Whitney test, the difference between the scores of the two groups at the top of the table and the groups at the bottom of the table is significant.

The presence of stress management in the top groups of the table shows its positive effect on reducing cognitive avoidance and emotional dysphoria. This result is important for psychologists because the method of cognitive-behavioral stress management can correct some inefficient coping styles against stress and through it to treat tension headaches.

The aim of this study was to assess the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation associated with alexithymia and parental behavior based on the eating attitude among girl students.

The research method was descriptive correlation based on structural equations. The statistical samples of the study included all female high school students in Torbat-e Heydarieh, Khorasan Razavi in the academic year of 2019-2020 (N = 2832), of which 390 were selected according to the Slovin formula and multi-stage cluster sampling. They filled out alexithymia questionnaires by Bagby et al, and parental rearing methods by Baumrind and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire by Garnefski et al . The obtained data were analyzed by regression equations using Spss 23 and Amos 18 softwares.

The findings showed a positive and significant correlation between the variables of alexithymia, permissive, authoritarian parenting behavior and cognitive emotion regulation with eating attitude also a significant negative correlation between the variables of assertive and Authoritative parenting behavior and Cognitive regulation of maladaptive emotion with eating attitude (P < 0.01). Also, The indirect path of eating attitude based on alexithymia and parenting behaviors mediated by and cognitive emotion regulation of adaptive and maladaptive was significant so that 57% of the eating attitude variable was predicted.

According to the results, providing adequate training on parenting methods and cognitive emotion regulation skills can affect the formation of eating behaviors and attitudes.